I. Introduction

In a world increasingly governed by the pulse of technology, the fate of nations hinges not just on their wealth of resources but on their ability to adapt, innovate, and remain steadfast in the face of change. The tide of digital transformation is sweeping across the globe, leaving no economy untouched.

For Ghana, a country where over 57% of the population is youthful (under the age of 25) and eager for opportunity, this moment is not just a passing wave—it is the chance to shape the very foundation of the future. At the heart of this vision lies a powerful tool, a language of innovation called coding. Coding, like the sayings of old, is a literacy that carries with it the keys to unlocking vast possibilities. It is the bridge between what we know and what we might yet discover, connecting us to fields such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, fintech and more.

The NDC, with an eye on this horizon, has seized upon a vision that draws from the wisdom of the past and the promise of the future. The NDC has embraced this opportunity by laying out a tech-driven agenda centred on equipping the next generation with essential coding skills. Coding, often referred to as the "new literacy" of the 21st century, serves as the foundation for creativity and innovation in the digital world. By prioritizing coding as a critical component of youth education and skill development, the NDC envisions a future where Ghana’s youth do not just become participants in the global digital economy but leaders and innovators within it.

This article explores how the NDC’s strategic focus on coding and technology for the youth will empower individuals and catalyze the growth of a smarter, more dynamic Ghanaian economy.

II. The Importance of Coding in a Digital Economy

In the contemporary global landscape, characterized by rapid digitalization, coding has emerged as a critical skill foundational to technological innovation and economic development. As nations strive to build resilient, diversified economies, coding functions as a key enabler, empowering individuals to engage actively in the digital transformations reshaping industries on a global scale. For Ghana, traditionally reliant on its natural resource base, the imperative to transition toward a knowledge-based economy has become increasingly urgent. This transition is necessitated by the twin challenges of environmental degradation and the finite nature of natural resources, highlighting the need for a sustainable, innovation-driven economic model. Such a model must be aligned with global trends in digitalization and geared toward ensuring long-term economic resilience and sustainability.

Ghana’s natural resources—gold, cocoa, and oil—have historically been the pillars of its economy. However, environmental challenges such as deforestation, land degradation from illegal mining (galamsey), and the depletion of biodiversity are threatening the sustainability of this resource-dependent economic model. The negative environmental impacts erode the country’s natural wealth and also limit its long-term economic prospects. In alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9, which advocates for fostering innovation and building resilient infrastructure, the NDC’s focus on coding and technology presents a forward-looking solution to Ghana’s economic challenges.

By prioritizing coding as part of its tech-driven agenda, the NDC recognizes the critical need to diversify the economy away from unsustainable resource extraction. Coding serves as a gateway to high-value sectors such as AI, blockchain, fintech, and green technologies—industries that offer sustainable growth opportunities while mitigating the environmental pressures caused by over-reliance on natural resources. This shift aligns with SDG 8, which promotes sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, as well as full and productive employment for all.

The NDC’s strategy is clear: coding empowers youth to participate in the digital economy, opening up opportunities in software development, data science, and digital entrepreneurship—fields that are scalable and environmentally sustainable. Coding also enables the creation of technological solutions that address pressing environmental issues, such as precision agriculture, renewable energy management, and climate resilience technologies. In this sense, the investment in coding is an investment in both valuable skillsets as well as the future sustainability of the nation’s economy and environment.

The NDC’s focus on coding positions Ghana to lead in innovation, shifting from natural resource dependency to a digital, knowledge-based economy. This transformation is crucial for long-term economic resilience, aligning with SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). By building coding expertise, Ghana can drive innovation, reduce reliance on finite resources, and foster a resilient, sustainable economy that secures both its economic future and environmental heritage.

III. The NDC’s Tech-Driven Agenda: Catalyzing a 24-Hour Economy

The NDC’s tech-driven agenda seeks to transform Ghana into a dynamic, fully-fetched 24-hour economy by harnessing the power of coding and digital skills. This strategic shift extends beyond the technology sector, embedding digital innovation across key industries such as tourism, manufacturing, agriculture, and healthcare. By empowering Ghana’s youth with essential skills, the NDC aims to foster continuous innovation, productivity, and real-time services, driving sustained economic growth. This comprehensive approach positions Ghana to remain competitive in the global economy, building a resilient, diversified economic model that thrives on technological advancement and continuous progress.

1. Integration of Coding into National Curriculums

The NDC is committed to integrating coding into Ghana's national curriculum, ensuring that students are exposed to programming skills from an early stage in their academic development. By 2025, the NDC seeks to establish coding laboratories in every public secondary school, equipping students with the necessary digital tools to thrive in a technologically driven economy. This initiative is informed by international best practices from countries such as Estonia and Finland, where the integration of coding into education systems has significantly enhanced digital literacy and contributed to tech-driven economic growth.

By equipping Ghanaian youth with the ability to develop digital platforms, automate processes, and create real-time customer service solutions, the NDC's initiative supports the development of a 24-hour economy. In a global marketplace where e-commerce sales are projected to reach $6.3 trillion by 2024, these skills will enable Ghanaian coders to develop digital solutions that allow businesses to operate continuously, transcending time zone limitations and positioning the country to tap into global markets and opportunities.

2. Expanding the Impact of Coding Across Economic Sectors

The NDC understands that coding has the potential to revolutionize industries beyond fintech, AI, and blockchain. By integrating digital skills into key sectors such as tourism, manufacturing, agriculture, and healthcare, the NDC can drive broader economic transformation, contributing to a diversified and resilient 24-hour economy.

• Tourism: In 2019, Ghana’s tourism sector contributed $3.3 billion to the economy, accounting for 5.5% of GDP (World Travel and Tourism Council). Coding can enhance this by enabling digital platforms for marketing and virtual tours, attracting more visitors even outside traditional business hours. Technologies such as augmented reality (AR) can offer immersive virtual experiences of Ghana’s cultural heritage sites, allowing tourists to explore attractions anytime, increasing tourism revenues.
• Manufacturing: The global Industry 4.0 movement, which integrates automation, AI, and the Internet of Things (IoT), could significantly boost Ghana’s manufacturing sector, which currently contributes about 10% of GDP (World Bank, 2021). By applying coding skills to develop software for automation and blockchain-based supply chain solutions, Ghanaian manufacturers can increase productivity, ensure transparency, and enable 24/7 operations, enhancing their competitiveness in global markets.
• Agriculture: Agriculture remains a key sector in Ghana, contributing about 19.7% of GDP and employing over 44% of the workforce (Ghana Statistical Service, 2021). Coding can revolutionize this sector by enabling AI-driven precision farming techniques that optimize yields, manage resources sustainably, and improve market access through digital platforms. This integration will allow agricultural operations to function continuously, with technology facilitating real-time monitoring and decision-making.
• Healthcare: Ghana’s healthcare sector faces significant challenges in reaching rural areas, where 36% of the population resides (World Bank, 2021). Coding can address these challenges by powering telemedicine platforms, which offer remote consultations and healthcare services 24/7. Additionally, AI-powered health data systems can track disease outbreaks and resource allocation, ensuring continuous care even in underserved regions.

1. Investment in Tech Hubs and Incubators

To foster innovation and entrepreneurship, the NDC plans to establish 20 regional innovation hubs and technology incubators by 2026. These hubs will serve as innovation centres, providing young entrepreneurs with the mentorship, resources, and funding needed to develop tech-based businesses. Ghana’s tech startup ecosystem has shown significant growth, attracting over $212 million in venture capital funding in 2021 alone, and the NDC aims to accelerate this momentum by supporting local innovation.

These hubs will enable the creation of AI-powered customer service tools, real-time analytics platforms, and automated business solutions that can support 24-hour operations across various sectors. Startups focusing on e-commerce, fintech, logistics, and digital services will play a key role in creating a resilient, always-active economy.

4. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Digital Training

The NDC understands the importance of aligning education with market demands, which is why public-private partnerships (PPPs) with tech companies such as Google, Microsoft, and Huawei will be central to its digital training strategy. These collaborations will help develop programs that equip Ghanaian youth with the coding and digital skills required to manage and maintain critical infrastructure in a 24-hour economy.

Africa's digital economy is projected to reach $180 billion by 2025, according to the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the NDC has crafted an agenda aimed at positioning young Ghanaians to fully capitalize on these emerging opportunities. By equipping the youth with critical skills in fast-growing sectors such as cloud computing, cybersecurity, and fintech, the NDC ensures they are prepared to engage in and drive the digital economy. These skills are not only vital for innovation but also for the continuous operation of key systems like e-commerce platforms and digital financial services, which are central to a thriving 24-hour economy.

5. Expanding Broadband Access and Connectivity

A functioning 24-hour economy relies on seamless internet connectivity. The NDC plans to expand broadband infrastructure through its Rural Broadband Initiative, aiming for 95% internet penetration by 2027. According to the National Communications Authority (NCA), Ghana’s internet penetration stands at 53%, with significant disparities between urban and rural areas. Expanding internet access is crucial to ensuring that businesses across the country can participate in the global digital economy, operating continuously without being limited by geographic location or connectivity.

Investments in reliable and affordable internet will allow rural entrepreneurs, farmers, and small business owners to connect with customers, access markets, and conduct business outside traditional working hours, contributing to a truly 24-hour economy.

6. Digital Literacy for All

To ensure that all Ghanaians can participate in the 24-hour economy, the NDC will launch a nationwide Digital Literacy Program aimed at training 1 million Ghanaians in basic digital skills by 2026. Digital literacy is essential for empowering individuals to engage in e-commerce, remote work, and digital financial services. According to the World Bank, countries that increase digital literacy see a 1.2% rise in GDP for every 10% increase in the workforce’s digital competency.

This initiative will ensure that more Ghanaians, particularly women and rural populations, can leverage digital platforms to engage in economic activities around the clock, further driving the development of the 24-hour economy.

7. Leveraging Coding for Environmental Sustainability

Coding will also be key to addressing environmental challenges and ensuring sustainable growth. AI-powered precision agriculture, for example, can monitor resource usage and optimize farming practices, reducing environmental degradation while boosting productivity. Blockchain technology can improve supply chain transparency, ensuring sustainability in manufacturing and distribution processes that run continuously.

Moreover, sustainable solutions powered by coding will contribute to economic growth while aligning with SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), ensuring that Ghana’s 24-hour economy is both productive and environmentally responsible.

With credible statistical goals, such as achieving 95% internet penetration by 2027, training 1 million Ghanaians in digital literacy, and establishing 20 tech hubs, the NDC’s strategy is ambitious, realistic and achievable. This approach will ensure that Ghana’s economy remains resilient, inclusive, and sustainable in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.

IV. Why the Focus on Youth?

Ghana’s youth constitute one of the nation's most valuable assets, both in terms of their substantial numbers and their untapped potential. According to the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), over 57% of the population is under the age of 25, representing a significant demographic that holds the promise of driving economic transformation. However, this potential presents both opportunities and challenges, particularly if the youth are not effectively engaged and empowered. The NDC’s tech-driven agenda acknowledges that unlocking Ghana’s future economic potential depends on equipping its youth with the skills necessary to succeed in an increasingly digital and globalized economy.

This focus on youth is informed by the urgent need for job creation and economic inclusion. As reported by the World Bank, the unemployment rate among Ghanaian youth aged 15-24 stands at 14.7%, compounded by the issue of underemployment, where many young individuals are unable to secure jobs that align with their skills or ambitions. The NDC’s coding initiative aims to address this gap by preparing the next generation for employment in high-growth sectors such as technology, finance, and digital entrepreneurship, thereby fostering meaningful economic participation and ensuring a more inclusive and resilient economy.

Yout as Catalysts for Innovation and Economic Growth: Empowering young people with coding skills will enable them to drive innovation in key sectors, thus contributing to the overall growth of Ghana’s economy. Research from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) estimates that Africa’s digital economy has the potential to add $180 billion to the continent's GDP by 2025, growing to over $712 billion by 2050. Ghana, with its young and vibrant population, is well-positioned to be a major beneficiary of this growth, provided that its youth are equipped with the necessary digital skills.

Coding is a foundational skill that opens the door to a wide range of high-demand jobs in fields like software development, data science, cybersecurity, and fintech. These industries are not only growing rapidly but are also more resilient to economic downturns, making them ideal sectors for long-term job creation. For example, the World Economic Forum (WEF) reports that by 2025, 97 million new roles will emerge globally due to the growing adoption of artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and other digital technologies. This presents a significant opportunity for Ghana’s youth to be at the forefront of this digital transformation.

The Digital Divide: Ensuring Inclusivity: The NDC’s focus on youth also addresses the digital divide that exists within Ghana, particularly between urban and rural areas. According to the NCA, internet penetration in Ghana is currently at 53%, with significant disparities between regions. Rural areas, where access to both digital infrastructure and education is limited, risk being left behind in the country’s digital transformation. To address this, the NDC’s agenda includes plans to expand broadband access and establish digital training centres in underserved areas, ensuring that young people across the country can participate in the digital economy.

Moreover, the NDC recognizes the importance of gender inclusivity in its tech-driven agenda. According to the UNESCO Science Report, women make up only 28% of the global workforce in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. In Ghana, this gap is similarly pronounced, with fewer women entering the tech industry. To bridge this gap, the NDC plans to launch targeted initiatives aimed at encouraging more girls and women to pursue careers in coding and technology. These initiatives will include scholarships, mentorship programs, and partnerships with global tech companies to provide role models and support for women in tech.

Leveraging the Demographic Dividend: The NDC’s tech-driven focus on youth also aligns with the broader concept of harnessing Ghana’s demographic dividend. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), Africa’s youth population is expected to reach 830 million by 2050, representing one of the largest workforces in the world. The demographic dividend refers to the potential economic benefits that arise when a country has a large working-age population relative to dependents (such as children and the elderly). However, this dividend can only be realized if young people are gainfully employed and productively engaged.

By investing in coding and digital skills, the NDC’s agenda aims to turn Ghana’s youthful population into a competitive advantage. The focus on digital education will enable the country to harness the energy and creativity of its young people, transforming them into job creators and innovators rather than passive job seekers. This strategy is not only about providing immediate employment but also about equipping the youth with the skills needed to adapt to future economic changes, ensuring long-term prosperity.

The NDC’s youth-centered tech agenda is designed to create tangible, measurable outcomes. According to the manifesto, the goal is to train at least 500,000 young Ghanaians in coding and digital literacy by 2026, with a focus on creating 200,000 jobs in the tech and digital sectors within the same period. These jobs will range from software development and cybersecurity to digital marketing and tech-enabled entrepreneurship.

In addition, by expanding access to digital training and education across rural areas, the NDC aims to reduce the rural-urban digital divide by 50% within the next decade. This is particularly important as digital skills become increasingly essential for participation in the global economy. The long-term impact of these initiatives is expected to position Ghana as a regional leader in the tech sector, attracting investment and fostering a robust startup ecosystem.

V. Coding as a Gateway to Emerging Technologies

Central to the NDC’s tech-driven agenda is the recognition that coding serves as a critical gateway to a spectrum of emerging technologies that are anticipated to shape the trajectory of the global economy. As the foundational language of the digital age, coding facilitates engagement with cutting-edge technologies, including AI, blockchain, IoT, and data analytics. By equipping Ghana’s youth with these essential coding skills, the NDC aims to prepare them to fully leverage the transformative potential of these innovations. In doing so, Ghana is positioned to play a leading role in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, ensuring its competitiveness and relevance in an increasingly technology-driven global landscape.

1. AI and Machine Learning

AI is projected to be one of the most disruptive and valuable technologies of the coming decades. According to a PwC report, AI could contribute up to $15.7 trillion to the global economy by 2030, with the largest gains coming from productivity improvements and automation. AI has applications in almost every sector, including healthcare, finance, agriculture, and education. Ghana’s youth, empowered with coding skills, will be well-positioned to develop AI-driven solutions that can address both local and global challenges.

For example, AI can be used to improve agricultural efficiency through predictive analytics, enabling farmers to optimize their yields by predicting weather patterns, pest outbreaks, and crop performance. In healthcare, AI can be employed to develop diagnostic tools that increase access to quality medical care, especially in rural areas. The NDC’s coding initiative will ensure that young Ghanaians are equipped to participate in these industries, driving innovation and solving critical issues facing the country.

2. Blockchain and Cryptocurrency

Blockchain technology, best known for powering cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum, offers a wealth of opportunities beyond digital currencies. Blockchain enables secure, transparent transactions that cannot be altered, making it ideal for applications such as supply chain management, digital identity verification, and financial inclusion. According to the WEF, by 2027, approximately 10% of the global GDP could be stored on blockchain technology. This presents a significant opportunity for Ghana to adopt blockchain solutions that enhance transparency, reduce corruption, and streamline business operations.

The NDC manifesto highlights the importance of integrating blockchain into sectors such as finance, where decentralized applications (dApps) can provide greater access to banking services for the unbanked population. By training young Ghanaians in coding and blockchain development, the NDC aims to foster a new generation of blockchain developers who can build decentralized financial systems that benefit all segments of society. The creation of blockchain-based startups will also provide new employment opportunities and attract foreign investment, contributing to Ghana’s long-term economic growth.

3. Internet of Things (IoT)

The IoT refers to the network of physical devices that communicate and share data through the internet, enabling real-time decision-making and automation. IoT is expected to have a profound impact on industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, and logistics. A McKinsey & Company report estimates that IoT could have a total economic impact of $3.9 to $11.1 trillion per year by 2025 globally.

For Ghana, IoT has the potential to revolutionize key sectors like agriculture and energy. In agriculture, IoT-enabled sensors can monitor soil conditions, track livestock, and optimize water usage, resulting in more efficient farming practices. In the energy sector, IoT can be used to manage energy grids, reduce waste, and enhance sustainability. Coding skills will enable young Ghanaians to develop these IoT solutions, allowing them to contribute to sustainable development and improve the country’s productivity across multiple sectors.

4. Data Analytics and Big Data

Data is often referred to as the "new oil" of the digital economy, and the ability to analyze vast amounts of data is becoming increasingly critical for businesses and governments alike. According to International Data Corporation (IDC), the global big data and business analytics market is expected to reach $274.3 billion by 2022, driven by demand for data-driven decision-making. In Ghana, the potential for data analytics to transform industries such as healthcare, finance, and public administration is enormous.

The NDC’s focus on coding includes training in data science and analytics, equipping young people with the skills to analyze large datasets and derive meaningful insights. This is particularly important in areas like public health, where data analytics can help track disease outbreaks, optimize resource allocation, and improve patient outcomes. In business, data-driven decision-making can lead to better marketing strategies, enhanced customer experiences, and more efficient operations.

5. Cybersecurity

As Ghana becomes increasingly connected to the global digital economy, the importance of cybersecurity cannot be overstated. Cyberattacks and data breaches are becoming more common, and the need for skilled professionals to protect sensitive information is growing rapidly. According to a Cybersecurity Ventures report, cybercrime damages are expected to cost the world $6 trillion annually by 2021, making cybersecurity one of the most critical areas for future job growth.

The NDC’s coding initiative places a significant emphasis on cybersecurity, recognizing the critical need to prepare young Ghanaians to safeguard the nation's growing digital infrastructure. Coding proficiency is fundamental to developing secure software systems, protecting online platforms, and mitigating cyberattacks. By investing in comprehensive cybersecurity training, the NDC seeks to cultivate a skilled workforce capable of defending against the ever-evolving landscape of digital threats. This strategic focus not only fortifies the nation’s cybersecurity resilience but also positions Ghana as a potential leader in cybersecurity across the African continent.

With the global tech industry projected to exceed $5 trillion by 2025, according to CompTIA, Ghana stands poised to emerge as a significant player in this dynamic sector. Centring coding education as a core component of its broader technology strategy, the NDC charts a clear and transformative path for the nation's youth, empowering them to become innovators, entrepreneurs, and leaders in the digital economy. By equipping the next generation with the tools to thrive in high-demand fields, the NDC is laying the foundation for a future where Ghana is at the forefront of the global technology landscape, driving economic growth and digital transformation across the continent.

VI. The Role of Infrastructure and Policy Support

The success of the NDC’s efforts to empower youth through technology depends not only on coding skills but also on strong infrastructure and supportive policies. Recognizing this, the NDC has outlined plans to develop essential digital infrastructure, including expanded broadband access and reliable energy, along with policies that promote innovation and cybersecurity. This combined focus ensures a robust foundation for a thriving digital economy, enabling Ghana’s youth and businesses to fully participate and compete on a global scale.

1. Expanding Broadband Access and Connectivity

One of the key pillars of the NDC’s manifesto is the expansion of broadband access, particularly in rural and underserved areas. According to the National Communications Authority (NCA), Ghana’s internet penetration rate stands at 53%, with significant disparities between urban and rural regions. Rural areas, in particular, face challenges related to unreliable internet access, which limits educational opportunities and access to digital resources.

The NDC has committed to expanding the national broadband infrastructure through its Rural Broadband Initiative, aiming to achieve 95% internet coverage by 2027. This ambitious target is essential to ensuring that all Ghanaians, regardless of geographic location, can participate in the digital economy. The expansion of broadband access will not only facilitate coding education but also enable rural communities to engage with digital technologies that can transform industries like agriculture, healthcare, and commerce.

Reliable internet connectivity is crucial for the success of the coding initiative, as it allows students to access online resources, participate in virtual learning platforms, and engage with global tech communities. Furthermore, by closing the digital divide, the NDC aims to create a more inclusive tech ecosystem where youth from all parts of the country can contribute to and benefit from the digital transformation.

2. Establishing Innovation Hubs and Tech Incubators

Another critical component of the NDC’s strategy is the creation of regional innovation hubs and tech incubators. The manifesto outlines plans to establish 20 tech hubs by 2026, which will serve as centres for digital learning, entrepreneurship, and innovation. These hubs will provide young Ghanaians with access to state-of-the-art technology, mentorship programs, and startup funding opportunities.

The innovation hubs will act as incubators for new ideas, allowing young entrepreneurs to develop and scale digital businesses. They will also foster collaboration between tech professionals, researchers, and investors, creating an environment where innovative solutions to local and global challenges can be developed. The NDC envisions these hubs as catalysts for the growth of Ghana’s digital economy, positioning the country as a leader in tech innovation on the African continent.

By providing access to resources and support networks, these hubs will enable young people to transform their coding skills into tangible business ventures. This, in turn, will create jobs, stimulate economic growth, and attract foreign investment in the tech sector.

3. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Infrastructure Development

Recognizing the importance of collaboration, the NDC’s manifesto emphasizes the role of public-private partnerships (PPP) in achieving its digital infrastructure goals. By partnering with international tech companies such as Google, Microsoft, and Huawei, the government will be able to leverage both financial resources and technical expertise to accelerate the development of broadband infrastructure, innovation hubs, and digital education programs.

These partnerships will also facilitate the transfer of knowledge and best practices, ensuring that Ghana’s digital infrastructure meets global standards. In particular, collaboration with leading tech companies will allow for the implementation of cutting-edge technologies such as 5G networks, which can significantly enhance connectivity and enable new applications in fields like IoT and AI.

4. Policy Support for Digital Transformation

In addition to infrastructure, the NDC’s tech-driven agenda relies on a robust policy framework that promotes innovation, protects digital rights, and ensures cybersecurity. To support the growth of the digital economy, the NDC plans to introduce policies that provide tax incentives for tech startups, encourage foreign direct investment in the tech sector, and create a regulatory environment that fosters innovation.

The manifesto also emphasizes the importance of protecting data privacy and security, as Ghana becomes increasingly integrated into the global digital economy. The NDC is committed to updating the country’s Data Protection Act to reflect international best practices and ensure that individuals and businesses are safeguarded from cyber threats. This is particularly important given the rise of cyberattacks globally; Cybersecurity Ventures predicts that cybercrime damages could reach $10.5 trillion annually by 2025.

By implementing cybersecurity policies and promoting digital literacy, the NDC aims to create a secure and trustworthy digital environment where businesses can thrive, and individuals can engage confidently with online services.

5. Digital Literacy and Skills Development

Beyond physical infrastructure, the NDC’s agenda recognizes the importance of building human capital. The manifesto outlines plans to implement a Digital Literacy Program that will train 1 million Ghanaians in basic digital skills by 2026. This program will target not only youth but also women, rural populations, and marginalized communities to ensure that the benefits of digital transformation are widely distributed.

According to a World Bank report, a 10% increase in broadband penetration can lead to a 1.38% increase in GDP growth in developing countries. The NDC’s focus on digital literacy and infrastructure development, therefore, is a strategic investment in the nation’s economic future.

By equipping the broader population with the skills to engage in the digital economy, the NDC aims to create a society where technology is an enabler of social mobility, economic empowerment, and innovation.

Supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The NDC’s focus on infrastructure and policy support aligns closely with the UN-SDGs, particularly SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. By building resilient infrastructure, fostering innovation, and promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization, the NDC’s tech-driven agenda is contributing to Ghana’s long-term economic development in a manner that is equitable and environmentally sustainable.

Moreover, the expansion of broadband access and the focus on digital literacy contribute to SDG 4: Quality Education and SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth, by ensuring that Ghanaians are equipped with the knowledge and skills needed to participate in the digital economy, thereby creating jobs and fostering sustainable economic growth.

VII. Challenges in Ghana’s Digital Transformation

While the NDC’s tech-driven agenda offers a promising vision for economic transformation, it must overcome several key challenges to fully realize its goals. A thorough examination of these challenges not only strengthens the plan’s realism but also identifies areas where targeted interventions are essential to ensure that the benefits of digital transformation are equitably distributed across the country. These challenges include limited access to technology, a shortage of trained educators, high internet costs, and inadequate digital infrastructure.

1. Limited Access to Technology in Under-served Areas

A significant barrier to digital transformation in Ghana is the limited access to technology, especially in rural and underserved areas. Urban centres like Accra and Kumasi generally have better access to digital infrastructure, but many rural communities lack the basic tools necessary to support coding education and digital skills development, such as computers, reliable electricity, and internet connectivity.

According to the NCA, while Ghana's internet penetration rate is about 53%, there are significant disparities between urban and rural areas. Many schools in rural regions lack basic technology infrastructure, making it difficult to implement digital education programs. Without access to computers and the internet, students in these areas are disadvantaged, unable to acquire the coding skills needed to participate in the global digital economy.

Addressing this challenge requires a concerted effort to expand access to technology in underserved areas. This includes investing in infrastructure such as computer labs, affordable devices, and reliable electricity. Moreover, partnerships with the private sector can play a crucial role in providing low-cost technology solutions, ensuring that students, regardless of location, have the tools they need to succeed in the digital age.

2. Shortage of Trained Educators in Coding and Digital Skills

Another critical challenge is the shortage of educators trained in coding and digital skills. While the NDC’s plan to integrate coding into the national curriculum is a positive step, its success depends on the availability of teachers who are proficient in these subjects. Unfortunately, many educators in Ghana have not received the necessary training to teach coding, computer science, or advanced digital literacy skills effectively.

A World Bank study highlights a significant gap in teacher quality across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in subjects related to technology and digital education. Without specialized training, teachers may struggle to deliver coding lessons effectively, leading to poor student engagement and outcomes. The challenge is even more pronounced in rural areas, where the shortage of qualified educators is more severe.

To address this, the NDC must prioritize teacher training as part of its broader tech-driven agenda. Partnerships with international educational institutions, tech companies, and NGOs could provide professional development opportunities for teachers. Additionally, offering incentives such as scholarships and career development pathways for educators specializing in digital skills could help address the teacher shortage and improve the quality of coding education nationwide.

3. High Cost of Internet Access and Inconsistent Connectivity

A significant barrier to digital inclusion in Ghana is the high cost of internet access and inconsistent connectivity, particularly in rural and low-income areas. Internet data remains prohibitively expensive for many Ghanaians. According to the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI), the average cost of 1GB of mobile data in Ghana is $0.94, which, while lower than in some neighbouring countries, is still unaffordable for those living on less than $2 a day.

Inconsistent connectivity exacerbates the issue, especially in rural regions where internet infrastructure is underdeveloped. Poor connectivity makes it difficult for students to access online learning platforms, digital resources, and virtual coding programs, limiting their ability to engage in self-learning and skills development. This digital divide poses a significant challenge to the NDC’s goal of achieving 95% internet penetration by 2027.

To address this, the NDC’s Rural Broadband Initiative must focus on expanding broadband infrastructure and making internet access affordable for all. This can be achieved through public-private partnerships to invest in low-cost broadband solutions, government subsidies for internet access in underserved areas, and the adoption of emerging technologies like satellite internet to provide reliable connectivity in remote regions.

4. Inadequate Digital Infrastructure and Energy Supply

While urban centres in Ghana have seen significant improvements in digital infrastructure, rural areas still suffer from inadequate infrastructure, particularly a lack of reliable electricity. Many parts of the country experience frequent power outages, which disrupt the ability of schools, businesses, and communities to engage with technology consistently. Without a stable energy supply, investments in digital education, tech hubs, and online platforms are unlikely to reach their full potential.

This issue is closely linked to broader infrastructure and energy challenges in Ghana. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), approximately 25% of Ghana’s rural population still lacks access to electricity, limiting the reach of digital services. Even in areas with electricity, frequent blackouts and voltage fluctuations make it difficult to maintain continuous internet access and power electronic devices, further hindering digital learning and entrepreneurship.

Addressing this challenge requires coordinated efforts to improve energy infrastructure, especially in rural regions. The NDC’s tech-driven agenda should align with national energy strategies to ensure that the expansion of digital infrastructure is supported by reliable and sustainable energy solutions. Renewable energy projects, such as solar power initiatives, could provide an alternative energy source in areas where the national grid is unreliable.

5. Digital Literacy and Skills Gap Among the Broader Population

Beyond technical infrastructure, Ghana faces a digital literacy gap across large segments of the population. While coding and advanced digital skills are important, many Ghanaians still lack basic digital literacy. A 2022 World Bank report indicates that less than 40% of Ghana’s population possesses the necessary digital skills to use basic online services, limiting the country’s ability to fully embrace the benefits of the digital economy.

The NDC’s plan to train 1 million Ghanaians in basic digital skills by 2026 is an essential step toward addressing this gap. However, ensuring that these programs reach all demographics, including marginalized communities, is key. Digital skills training must also cater to diverse groups such as the elderly, women, and people with disabilities to ensure no one is left behind in the digital transformation process.

While the NDC’s tech-driven agenda is ambitious, its success will depend on addressing these key challenges. Targeted interventions—such as expanding teacher training, investing in rural infrastructure, and making internet access more affordable—are crucial to ensuring that Ghana’s digital transformation benefits all segments of society. By focusing on these areas, the NDC can create a more inclusive, equitable digital future for Ghana.

NDC’s Proven Track Record in Digital Infrastructure Development

Under JM, several key digital infrastructure projects were initiated and completed, positioning the NDC as a party capable of driving Ghana’s digital transformation. Some notable achievements during JM’s tenure include:

• E-Transform Ghana Project: This World Bank-funded initiative expanded ICT infrastructure and improved access to digital services, leading to the digitization of public services and enhanced internet access.
• National Data Center: The establishment of the National Data Center, which houses critical government data and supports e-government services, was a major step in modernizing Ghana’s digital governance infrastructure.
• Digital Migration Project: JM’s administration initiated the digital migration from analogue to digital broadcasting, improving access to digital services, particularly in rural areas.
• Broadband Expansion: Investments in broadband infrastructure during JM’s tenure focused on increasing internet connectivity across the country, particularly in rural areas, laying the foundation for further development in digital education and e-commerce.

Why the NDC is Best Positioned for Success

The NDC’s track record under JM demonstrates the party’s capacity to deliver large-scale digital projects that benefit all Ghanaians. By building on these past achievements, the NDC is well-positioned to lead Ghana into the next phase of the digital revolution. The current tech-driven agenda is not a leap into the unknown but an extension of the work that JM’s administration began, with a focus on deepening and scaling digital infrastructure to empower the next generation.

With its deep understanding of Ghana’s digital challenges and opportunities, coupled with a proven ability to implement complex infrastructure projects, the NDC is the most credible party to ensure that Ghana’s digital transformation is both inclusive and sustainable.

IX. Conclusion

The NDC’s tech-driven agenda for empowering Ghana’s youth through coding is a bold and visionary plan that addresses both the immediate and long-term needs of the nation. As global economies become increasingly reliant on digital innovation, the importance of coding and digital skills cannot be overstated. The NDC’s focus on integrating coding into the national curriculum, establishing innovation hubs, and expanding broadband infrastructure is not just about keeping pace with technological advancements—it’s about positioning Ghana as a leader in Africa’s burgeoning digital economy.

The credibility of this agenda is grounded in the NDC’s proven track record. Under John JM’s leadership, the foundation of Ghana’s digital infrastructure was laid through projects like the National Data Center, the e-Transform Ghana Project, and significant expansions in broadband access. These initiatives have already begun to transform public service delivery and have provided the digital backbone for future growth. The NDC’s current strategy builds on this foundation, offering a realistic and achievable path toward a more innovative, inclusive, and resilient economy.

By focusing on coding, the NDC is not merely preparing the youth for employment in the tech sector—it is equipping them with the tools to drive innovation across a wide range of industries, from fintech to agriculture. This is particularly crucial for a country that has long relied on its natural resources. Given the environmental and economic limitations of a resource-dependent model, the transition to a knowledge-based economy is vital for long-term sustainability. The emphasis on coding aligns perfectly with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), highlighting the NDC’s commitment to fostering economic growth that is inclusive and forward-thinking.

The broader economic impacts of this agenda are substantial. By creating an ecosystem that supports startups, attracts foreign investment, and fosters innovation, the NDC is laying the groundwork for job creation and economic diversification. The party’s plan to create at least 200,000 jobs in the tech and digital sectors by 2026 will not only address youth unemployment but also help Ghana tap into the growing African digital economy, which is projected to contribute $180 billion to the continent’s GDP by 2025.

Furthermore, the NDC’s commitment to inclusivity—whether through expanding broadband access to rural areas or encouraging greater participation of women in technology—ensures that the benefits of this digital transformation are widely shared. By bridging the digital divide and focusing on underserved populations, the NDC is creating a future where technology empowers all Ghanaians, not just a select few.

The NDC’s tech-driven agenda is not only timely but also essential for securing Ghana’s economic future. It is a well-rounded plan that addresses key challenges while offering concrete solutions, backed by the party’s demonstrated ability to deliver on its promises. With a focus on coding and digital innovation, the NDC is setting the stage for a smarter, more resilient economy that will thrive in the 21st century. By investing in the youth today, the NDC is ensuring that Ghana will have the leaders, innovators, and entrepreneurs needed to navigate and succeed in an increasingly digital world.