As Ghana approaches another crucial election, a pressing question looms over the nation: Is Ghana at risk of becoming a failed state? Despite its rich natural resources, cultural vibrancy, and strategic position in West Africa, the country’s economic trajectory paints a troubling picture.

Key economic indicators suggest a nation in distress, with mounting challenges that threaten its ability to remain stable and prosperous.

But the real question is, what kind of leadership can steer Ghana away from this dangerous path and unlock its vast potential?

The youth factor: Opportunity or liability?

Ghana's population is overwhelmingly youthful—about 57% of its citizens are under the age of 25. This demographic represents a double-edged sword. On the one hand, young people can drive innovation, entrepreneurship, and sustainable economic growth, making them the engine of national development.

On the other hand, the nation must grapple with the significant challenges of providing quality education, creating enough jobs, and ensuring access to healthcare for this burgeoning youth.

As the election draws closer, Ghana’s leaders must prioritise these critical areas if they are to harness the potential of the youth. Without significant investment in human capital, the country risks squandering its most valuable resource—the energy and ingenuity of its young population.

Ghana’s post-independence trajectory has been marred by leadership that has often fallen short of expectations. The generation of baby boomers, many of whom have held power in recent decades, has been criticised for their inability to deliver effective governance. Widespread corruption, the breakdown of institutions, and poor decision-making have left a significant portion of the population languishing in poverty, hunger, and disease.

This leadership vacuum has severely hindered the nation's progress, and today, Ghana’s young people face a future characterised by uncertainty. As voters head to the polls, the call for a new kind of leadership—one that prioritises national development and the welfare of citizens—is louder than ever.

Exodus of talent: Ghana's brain drain dilemma

One of the most glaring consequences of Ghana’s economic decline is the exodus of its professionals. Thousands of Ghanaians, once holding prestigious positions in their home country, are now scattered across Europe, North America, and the Middle East. Many have traded careers in business, law, and medicine for menial jobs as caregivers, warehouse workers, and cleaners. This brain drain not only deprives the country of its brightest minds but also exacerbates its reliance on foreign aid.

Ghana's future leadership must prioritise reversing this trend. Creating an environment that fosters innovation, entrepreneurship, and job creation is key to retaining talent. If Ghana is to stem the tide of brain drain, the next government must implement policies that make staying in the country an attractive option for its skilled workforce.

What kind of leadership can help Ghana overcome its current challenges? The country needs visionary leaders who can look beyond short-term election cycles and focus on sustainable, long-term growth. Transformational leadership is essential—leaders who are not afraid to challenge the status quo and institute reforms that drive innovation and economic development.

This new leadership must be inclusive, ensuring that every Ghanaian, regardless of their background or socio-economic status, benefits from national development efforts. Equally important is accountability. Transparent and responsible governance will be crucial in restoring public trust and steering the country toward progress.

Human capital development should be at the core of this leadership’s agenda. Investments in education, healthcare, and skills development will equip Ghana’s youth with the tools they need to become drivers of economic growth. Moreover, fostering a business-friendly environment that encourages entrepreneurship and job creation is essential for addressing the unemployment crisis and nurturing a vibrant economy.

Avoiding state failure: the road ahead

To avert the looming threat of state failure, Ghana must urgently address its economic decline. Promoting economic growth, reducing inequality, and curbing poverty will be key to reversing the country’s fortunes. A clear path toward development is needed—one that does not rely on foreign aid but rather taps into the country's immense potential. Investments in infrastructure, education, and innovation are vital, as is the creation of an environment conducive to business growth.

As Ghanaians prepare to cast their votes, they must demand leaders with a compelling vision for the nation’s future and a genuine commitment to addressing its pressing economic challenges.

Ghana’s current predicament is a paradox. Despite its abundant natural resources, youthful population, and immense potential, the country is struggling to stay afloat. Failed leadership, a chronic brain drain, and over-reliance on external assistance have led to this downward spiral.

The upcoming elections present a pivotal moment for the country. Ghanaians must demand bold and decisive action from their leaders—an action that will address the nation’s economic challenges and unlock its full potential. The time for change is now. It is up to the people of Ghana to secure a better future for themselves and their country.

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Dominic Senayah is an International Relations researcher at Teesside University, UK.

Email: dominicksenayah@gmail.com